What can cause tubes in air coolers to buckle during operation?

Tubes in air coolers can buckle during operation primarily due to shipping pins not being removed. Shipping pins are often installed to stabilize the equipment during transport. If these pins are left in place during operation, they can prevent the tubes from expanding or contracting normally due to temperature changes. This restriction can create significant stress on the tubes as they experience thermal expansion, leading to buckling.

In the context of pressure vessel operation and maintenance, it's crucial to ensure all shipping devices are removed after installation and before the equipment is brought into service. Failure to do so can lead to equipment failure, safety hazards, and reduced efficiency due to impaired airflow or heat exchange.

Excessive heat, mechanical wear, and excessive fluid flow can lead to other types of damage or failure but are not specifically linked to the scenario of buckling caused by operational constraints imposed by shipping pins.