What can cause a bulge in fireproofing material?

A bulge in fireproofing material can occur due to several factors, with one significant cause being heat exposure. When fireproofing materials are subjected to elevated temperatures, they may undergo thermal expansion. If the material expands too much and is constrained by the underlying structure or other layers, it can lead to bulging.

While corrosion of the steel substrate can compromise the integrity of the fireproofing material, it primarily affects the performance of the material rather than directly causing bulging. Corrosion could lead to rust formation beneath the fireproofing, which might create additional pressure, but this is more of a secondary effect that typically follows other issues.

Improper installation can also lead to bulging, as incorrectly applied or installed fireproofing may not adhere properly or could have air pockets, but this option focuses on the installation process rather than the material itself.

Chemical reactions might occur in specific scenarios, such as water exposure leading to swelling in some fireproofing materials, but this is less common compared to the direct effects of heat exposure.

In summary, heat exposure is a primary factor for bulging due to its direct influence on the physical properties of the fireproofing material. Understanding the thermal behavior of these materials in relation to environmental conditions